The impacts of climate change are increasingly evident, with unpredictable weather events and changing ecological conditions creating favorable environments for disease-carrying vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks. This chapter delves into the importance of surveillance strategies in monitoring the spread of vector-borne diseases as a measure of resilience. By synthesizing current knowledge, the chapter explores key aspects of surveillance, including the monitoring of human cases, the identification of pathogen species, the distribution and behavior of vectors, and the influence of climatic and environmental factors. It also examines the effectiveness of control measures in mitigating the spread of these diseases. Additionally, the chapter considers the social and economic impact of vector-borne diseases, highlighting the need for proactive surveillance and response systems. By understanding these factors, the chapter provides valuable insights into the development of resilient healthcare infrastructure. Conceptual frameworks are presented to guide the design and modeling of surveillance systems, helping policymakers and healthcare professionals develop effective strategies to mitigate the impact of vector-borne diseases and enhance community resilience. Overall, this chapter emphasizes the importance of surveillance as a fundamental component of disease management and resilience-building efforts in the face of climate change.